Richard Leakey
I can't think of any other region in the world which is such a vast source of fossils.
Paleoanthropology is not a science that ends with the discovery of a bone. One has to have the original to work with. It is a life-long task.
We hope to find more pieces of the puzzle which will shed light on the connection between this upright, walking ape, our early ancestor, and modern man.
To investigate the history of man's development, the most important finds are, of course, hominid fossils.
Primates need good nutrition, to begin with. Not only fruits and plants, but insects as well.
I, too, am convinced that our ancestors came from Africa.
The land is not in the least bit fertile and yet the cattle herds grow larger and larger. A cow represents capital investment here.
For fossils to thrive, certain favorable circumstances are required. First of all, of course, remnants of life have to be there. These then need to be washed over with water as soon as possible, so that the bones are covered with a layer of sediment.
Whether or not all this came to pass in an East African ditch, I wouldn't like to say. Perhaps it happened in North Africa or further west, but Africa was definitely the place.
We think that groups of between 30 and 40 early men would have settled in an area measuring a hundred square kilometers.
We are concerned that, in a few years time, this place of discovery, with its wealth of human fossils, the like of which can be found nowhere else in the world, could be completely destroyed.
The problem is that during the 1980s, a decade of heavy poaching, the elephants retreated to safer areas. And now people have moved into the corridors once used by the elephants.
The elephants were being slaughtered in masses. Some were even killed in the vicinity of big tourist hotels.
Scientific innovations continually provide us with new means of analyzing the finds.
Sadly, I am not able to take part in the fieldwork myself so much anymore, as both of my legs were amputated following an airplane crash twelve years ago.
One should not forget that there are very few surviving items from this period, often just single, small bones, a tooth, a sliver of the skull. Categorizing these pieces can be very difficult.
It is virtually impossible to control Northern Kenya, which is populated chiefly by migrant nomads.
I would hazard a guess that we have found fossilized human remains of at least a thousand different specimens in South and East Africa, more or less complete at that. I think this is where the prelude to human history was primarily played out.
Elephants can live to an age of up to 70 or 80 years and they have a good memory. It could be they come across an area that is experiencing a drought. Then they continue on their path and run into people.
Earlier, 100,000 elephants lived in Kenya and we didn't have any noteworthy problem with it. The problem that we have is not that there are now more elephants.
Along the borders to Ethiopia and Somalia, anarchy reigns, the police and military have retreated quite some distance.
A number of scientists with greatly different backgrounds can come up with completely different assessments. The discussions or controversies are endless. Once a year, we try to bring the most important discoverers together to exchange their experiences and knowledge.
To have arrived on this earth as a product of a biological accident, only to depart through human arrogance, would be the ultimate irony.Collection: Arrogance
Humans become human through intense learning not just of survival skills but of customs and social mores, kinship and social laws-that is, culture.Collection: Law
For three million years we were hunter-gatherers, and it was through the evolutionary pressures of that way of life that a brain so adaptable and so creative eventually emerged. Today we stand with the brains of hunter-gatherers in our heads, looking out on a modern world made comfortable for some by the fruits of human inventiveness, and made miserable for others by the scandal of deprivation in the midst of plenty.Collection: Creativity
To me it's a question of being able to look backward and give the present a root... To give meaning to where we are today, we need to look at where we have come from.Collection: Roots
In the area of species protection, we should concern ourselves with what is right as opposed to what might be easier, or popular in the short term.Collection: Might
Spoken language clearly differentiates Homo sapiens from all other creatures. None but humankind produces a complex spoken language, a medium for communication and a medium for introspective reflection.Collection: Communication
It's the next annihilation of vast numbers of species. It is happening now, and we, the human race, are its causeCollection: Race
The whole story is about change. We are very lucky that the earth's history is recorded in fossilized remains. And we can see the changes. Unfortunately, there will always be gaps in our knowledge, but there is no doubt that we and everything living today has evolved.Collection: Doubt
Natural selection operates according to immediate cirumstances and not toward a long-term goal. Homo sapiens did eventually evolve as a descendant of the first humans, but there was nothing inevitable about it.Collection: Long
The greatest problem we face is the growing number of people living in poverty. The related sense of hopelessness has to be impacting on every part of environmental management.Collection: Numbers
The world's five thousand extant languages are products of our shared ability, but the five thousand cultures they create are separate from each other.Collection: Culture
The language of art is powerful to those who understand it, and puzzling to those who do not. What we do know is that here was the modern human mind at work, spinning symbolism and abstraction in a way that only Homo sapiens is capable of doing.Collection: Art
Echoing the criticism made of his father's habilis skulls, he added that Lucy's skull was so incomplete that most of it was 'imagination made of plaster of Paris', thus making it impossible to draw any firm conclusion about what species she belonged to.Collection: Father
My father used to say that, through culture, humans effectively domesticated themselves.Collection: Father
It seems inconceivable that a species of human could possess fully modern language and not be fully modern in all other ways, too. For this reason, the evolution of language is widely judged to be the culminating event in the emergence of humanity as we know it today.Collection: Humanity
I have been raised to believe in freedom of thought and speech. If a minority wishes to accept that position it's their right. What I fear is that this minority may seem to be larger than it truly is. What is strange is that there are still people who believe the world is not a globe.Collection: Believe
The problem of the apes is not a shortage of money, it is a shortage of strategy. Let us devote our minds... the one thing we have more of than other apes... and let's secure their future.Collection: Mind
It has taken biologists some 230 years to identify and describe three quarters of a million insects; if there are indeed at least thirty million, as Erwin (Terry Erwin, the Smithsonian Institute) estimates, then, working as they have in the past, insect taxonomists have ten thousand years of employment ahead of them. Ghilean Prance, director of the Botanical Gardens in Kew, estimates that a complete list of plants in the Americas would occupy taxonomists for four centuries, again working at historical rates.Collection: Taken
I ... believe the study of human history remains important and should not be banned. We should ensure that any archaeological studies are conducted with sensitivity and respect. Reburying relics, in my view, does not help anyone go anywhere.Collection: Believe
Culture represents a novelty in the world of nature, and it could have added an effective, unifying edge to the forces of natural selection.Collection: Nature
Climate change: We have never faced a more critical time on our planetCollection: Climate
Ritual disposal of the dead speaks clearly of an awareness of death, and thus an awareness of self.Collection: Self
It occurred to me that if I did not handle the crash correctly, there would be no survivors.Collection: Would Be
As every parent knows, children go through an adolescent growth spurt, during which they put on inches at an alarming rate. Humans are unique in this respect: most mammalian species, including apes, progress almost directly from infancy to adulthood.Collection: Children
When out fossil hunting, it is very easy to forget that rather than telling you how the creatures lived, the remains you find indicate only where they became fossilized.Collection: Hunting
We are bipedal apes, and it should not be surprising to see that fact reflected in the way our ancestors lived.Collection: Way